The Post-COVID Home. How Confinement Altered Domestic Space Use and Living Modes, in Lisbon

Not only is space use a result of spatial configuration, but it is also greatly determined by social patterns and society's living modes. The COVID-19 pandemic and confinement resulted, worldwide, in a 24/7 use of the domestic setting, which had to be adapted to the emergence of new needs and functions in the domestic space. The paper aims at understanding how COVID confinement altered domestic space use in Lisbon and how current society has maintained some of those changes, a reflection of new social patterns. The analysis is supported by an inquiry, carried out during the first confinement of 2020, in the city of Lisbon. Results show that domestic space use had to be adjusted to a new context, gaining new functions, and bringing into evidence the need for additional spaces. In light of the proven changes in living modes, the research concludes that the post-COVID home needs to be rethought and new housing programs should take into consideration the new social patterns and living modes. © 2023 by the authors.

Youth participation in environmental sustainability: insights from the Lisbon participatory budget

PurposeThis article poses the question on whether and how youth participation in environmental sustainability makes a difference within participatory budgets (PBs). This is a question worth asking because PBs have pursued, from the very beginning, goals of social sustainability through the inclusion of social groups that struggle to make their voices heard, as in the case of the youth. As young people show an increasing capacity to self-organise around environmental issues, a knowledge gap emerges as to the contribution that youth can give to environmental sustainability within PBs.Design/methodology/approachThe 2021 edition of the Lisbon PB (2021PB) has been analysed through desk research - document analysis using the city council's website as the main source of information, and fieldwork - an organisation of one two-day workshop with 20 young students through a partnership between the local authority and the Institute of Social Sciences at the University of Lisbon. Methods were applied to retrieve findings on youth participation in environmental sustainability in the 2021PB.FindingsThe youth show a relative increase of participation in the 2021PB and emerge as a key target group in funded proposals. Convergence with student proposals suggest shared awareness on the role of youth in the pursuit of social sustainability. The success of health-related proposals confirms ownership of (young) citizens over the concept of environmental sustainability, which further relies on the various scopes of funded proposals at both city and neighbourhood levels. In the workshop, students did not stick to specific themes and struggled to connect present criticalities and future imaginaries.Research limitations/implicationsFocus on one case study necessarily limits the generalisation of findings. Nevertheless, the 2021PB illuminates pathways of research on youth participation in environmental sustainability through participatory budgeting that are worth clearing in the future, such as the role of digital participation, dynamics induced by extreme events as the COVID-19 pandemic and PBs' capacity to intercept environmental activism.Practical implicationsDecision-makers and practitioners can take advantage of findings to acknowledge the potential of youth participation in PBs to reframe the take of environmental sustainability.Social implicationsThe article provides new inputs for future developments in the operationalisation of social and environmental sustainability through participatory budgeting.Originality/valueThis article examines original data retrieved from the 2021PB. Data analysis is backed by the literature review of key democratic challenges in social and environmental sustainability within participatory budgeting.

Housing Activism and Urban Space during the Covid19 Pandemic. Research Notes on the Bairro of Arroios, Lisbon

This paper presents some research notes from an on-going project on housing activism in Lisbon in the last decade, describing its ascendant trajectory (2012-2019) and the impact that the Covid epidemic had on the local activist community (2020-2022). In particular, the paper focuses on two of the main protagonists of local housing activism, the association Habita and the collective Stop Despejos, and on the relation that they have developed in time with an ecosystem (of sites, groups, projects) that have developed in the last ten years in the neighbourhood of Arroios, which have found a characteristic spatial infrastructure in the coletividades (a Portuguese expression that identifies spaces managed by no-profit associations or collectives). The paper examines this relation against the background of two bodies of literature, namely contributions that have examined (i) the nexus between collective action and space and (ii) the different forms of political agency represented by the conceptual pole of "contentious" and "everyday politics". This research is based on extensive data collection (through ethnographic notes, documental analysis, and in-depth interviews, 2020-2022) and on the authors' status of insiders in the process observed.

Conflicting discursive representations of overtourism in Lisbon in the Portuguese digital press

PurposeThis study aims to explore the ways in which Portuguese online news reports and opinion studies have framed the discussion about overtourism in Lisbon and its impacts on the city and its inhabitants.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on critical discourse analysis applied to media texts, this paper discusses the discursive representations of overtourism by focusing on how an emerging new discourse which constructs tourism as problematic began to challenge the established discourse – in which tourism is perceived as beneficial.FindingsAs a consequence, and to maintain the status quo, many media texts deploy strong legitimating strategies focusing on the benefits of tourism growth. These are juxtaposed with de-legitimating strategies which serve to deny problems of overtourism. Findings highlight the role the media play in shaping tourism discursively and uncover the complexities of discourses on the effects of (over)tourism and the ways in which they are constructed, disseminated and discussed.Social implicationsThis research is particularly relevant when newspaper opinion articles from 2021 voice the Portuguese Government's concern in bringing back to Portugal the pre-pandemic tourist numbers as soon as possible.Originality/valueThis study attempts to reveal the conflicting interests and imbalances of power among different tourism stakeholders by taking a qualitative, critical approach to the analysis of media discourse as a social practice within the broader socio-political context. This study argues that from an analytical-methodological perspective, media discourse is an optimum research site to critically explore how conflicting interests are positioned in the mass media and how this shapes public opinion.

The European Union on Cross-Roads: an Overview of Post-Lisbon Crises and a Way Forward

The main aim of this chapter is to make a brief and comprehensive overview of various events of crises across the EU member states that arose in the period from the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty until the end of year 2020. The chapter first, examines the period of crisis in the EU after the adoption of Lisbon Treaty and before BREXIT which includes: economic and debt crisis, euro-zone crisis, Ukrainian crisis and migration crisis. The next part of the chapter looks at BREXIT as "another serious test for the EU”. In the third stage, the chapter looks at the most recent crisis the EU is facing as a consequence of global spread of COVID19 virus in the world and examines various options for further potential cooperation of member states in this new area. In this part chapter looks at the scope of EU competences and explores measures adopted by the EU since the beginning of the pandemic. In its conclusions the chapter looks at various options and scenarios of further potential developments the "European union on crossroads” at the end of year 2020. This includes reflections on various (and often contradictory) views and arguments on the shape of future euro integration process. © The Author(s) 2022.

Associations and cultural democracy: a proposal of two ideal-types

Between the financial crisis of 2007-2008 and the pandemic crisis of Covid-19, the Anjos neighborhood in Lisbon presented a particular concentration of public spaces offering concerts, exhibitions, dance classes, bars, etc. Many of these spaces are non-profit and promote cultural democracy thus fighting gentrification. From visits to the neighborhood, document analysis and interviews with board members, volunteers and other key actors, we identify two ideal-types of these spaces' missions: the cultural-entertainment and the cultural-activist. We conclude by pointing out that both allow us henceforth to monitor the influence of the participation of these spaces in urban reconfiguration. © 2023, Centro em Rede de Investigacao em Antropologia. All rights reserved.

De Iure and De Facto: The Two Sides of the European Council after Lisbon

This work contributes an innovative vision of the European Council presented in two different but interrelated parts. The first, a de iure analysis of the essential primary law provisions that compose the European Council's competence framework according to the most recent version of the Treaty of Lisbon. The second, a de facto analysis focusing on the breaches to said competence framework by European lea-ders during the five UE crises: financial crisis, migratory crisis, Brexit, COVID and the war in Ukraine. Some of these crises show that the European Council has gone beyond its competence framework and breached EU law, making the rest of the ins-titutions into necessary collaborators. The main conclusions are three. First, the Eu-ropean Council, after the Treaty of Lisbon, has become the main constitutional and constituted << power >> in the EU, holding key competences and becoming the essential institution in moving the integration process forward. Second, after studying the afo-rementioned crises, there is evidence that the European Council has consciously gone beyond the EU law framework, not basing their actions in existing legal frames, but in a clear will to avoid political or legal controls when it considers that a crisis calls for it. The third conclusion allows us to conclude that the rest of institutions, including the CJUE, have tried to justify these actions.

The 'Covid-Trigger': New Light on Urban Agriculture and Systemic Approach to Urbanism to Co-Create a Sustainable Lisbon.

In 2018, Lisbon won the title of Green capital of Europe 2020. It was described by the Expert Panel as an inspirational city which had started its journey towards sustainability during a period of economic crisis. A year later, Covid-19 had become a global pandemic. Imposed confinements highlighted the extent to which globalisation has spread the virus, as well as the particular fragility of places like cities where people, living together, were asked to not physically interact anymore. Exploring further that very particular global crisis can help to identify the faults in our economic systems and to ask why Lisbon was neither resilient nor sustainable in the face of that adversity. In addition to highlighting how weak our health is, Covid-19 has exacerbated vulnerabilities in Lisbon such as job losses (especially in the touristic sector), food supply (Portugal imports 70% of its food) and food waste. This paper explores how the activity which, 'par excellence', meets the most basic of our needs (food), through the example of Urban Agriculture (UA), could contribute to discussions on what makes a city sustainable. A literature review on UA in Lisbon highlights its various benefits, complemented by a broader literature review which converges to showing how UA can help to address the vulnerabilities generated or exacerbated by Covid. Having shown its potential contribution to addressing crises, this article then suggests to examine how systems approaches could help to incorporate UA further in a new type of more participatory urbanism aimed at creating sustainable cities.

DE IURE AND DE FACTO: THE TWO SIDES OF THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL AFTER LISBON

This work contributes an innovative vision of the European Council presented in two different but interrelated parts. The first, a de iure analysis of the essential primary law provisions that compose the European Council's competence framework according to the most recent version of the Treaty of Lisbon. The second, a de facto analysis focusing on the breaches to said competence framework by European leaders during the five UE crises: financial crisis, migratory crisis, Brexit, COVID and the war in Ukraine. Some of these crises show that the European Council has gone beyond its competence framework and breached EU law, making the rest of the institutions into necessary collaborators. The main conclusions are three. First, the European Council, after the Treaty of Lisbon, has become the main constitutional and constituted «power» in the EU, holding key competences and becoming the essential institution in moving the integration process forward. Second, after studying the afo-rementioned crises, there is evidence that the European Council has consciously gone beyond the EU law framework, not basing their actions in existing legal frames, but in a clear will to avoid political or legal controls when it considers that a crisis calls for it. The third conclusion allows us to conclude that the rest of institutions, including the CJUE, have tried to justify these actions. © 2022, Centro Estudios Politicos Constitucionales. All rights reserved.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hotel industry: the cases of Lisbon, Maputo and Sao Paulo

This paper seeks to do an exploratory analysis of the changes observed in the hotel sector in three cities in three different countries and continents. Joining information from official databases, direct survey in hotels and hotel websites, and interviews with industry representatives, an inventory and analysis of the changes observed in hotel supply in Lisbon (Portugal), Maputo (Mozambique) and Sao Paulo (Brazil) throughout 2020 and 2021 is made. Results show that suspension of activity, with temporary closure during the most critical periods of the pandemic, and partial reduction of supply to reduce operational costs, were the most common strategies followed by hotels in the three cities, with consequences in job losses. Other changes of a more structural nature, such as rebranding processes and permanent closure of hotels found significant variations among the cities studied. The adoption of different policy measures in the various countries and their varying exposure to international tourism explain partly these differences.

New Data of the 1755 Earthquake and Tsunami in Lisbon, Portugal

In spite of the significant number of studies focused on the 1755 earthquake and tsunami, there are still many unknowns regarding this event in Lisbon, Portugal. Thus, in this research the authors compiled historical documents, including some that had never been analyzed, complemented with a field survey and tsunami numerical modeling at the historical civil parish of Santo Estevão, Lisbon. It was possible to identify 13 buildings, including three religious buildings and five palaces. Furthermore, the new data showed that contradicting the general idea, the earthquake caused significant damage to the selected territory because the number of households decreased by 52%. The number of residents decreased to about 51%, and in 1756, 1041 residents were still living in 297 temporary shelters. There were more than 44 dead and 1122 residents were unaccounted for. The fire did not hit the area, and the tsunami numerical model results were validated by the historical accounts and cartography, which indicate that the coastal area of the studied area was not significantly inundated by the tsunami. The consultation of historical documents that had never been analyzed by contemporary researchers provides a breakthrough in the knowledge of the event since it allowed a very detailed analysis of the disaster impact.

RESOURCES

Maintenance, Reliability and Troubleshooting in Rotating Machinery Editor: Robert X. Perez Publisher: Wiley Rotating machinery represents a broad category of equipment, which includes pumps, compressors, fans, gas turbines, electric motors, internal combustion engines and other equipment that are critical to the efficient operation of process facilities around the world. Visitors from both the lubricant community and end-user OEMs will find a comprehensive showcase of all lubricant technologies, including finished lubricants, additives, process equipment and machinery, condition monitoring, automation systems, testing and analysis, data technologies, lubricant manufacturing equipment, end-user application systems and more. Chaired by Sharbel Luzuriaga of Kline on day one and Boris Zhmud of Bind Lubricants on day two, the 2021 event held presentations including The Road to Sustainable Mobility: Implications for the Finished Lubricant Market, Group I Replacement Strategies: The Role of Naphthenics and Base Oil Markets Through the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond, as well as a lively panel discussion entitled An Internal Examination of the 2021 European Base Oils & Lubricants Industry.

Tourism-Dependent Local Music Ecosystems under COVID-19: The Case of Lisbon’s Fado Music Scene

This article aims to examine the changing atmosphere of Lisbon’s fado live music scene during the COVID-19 crisis. In particular, it focuses on the effects of the lockdown measures and other public health restrictions on the casas de fado, a distinctive type of local institution where music, tourism and the quest for experiences of authenticity intersect. Drawing on in-person and remote interviews with venue owners, local association representatives, musicians and patrons, as well as on content analysis of local media sources and participant observation, this article argues that the pandemic has revealed the fragility of a local music ecosystem overly dependent on foreign tourism and institutional support for its survival. Moreover, it discusses how the changes brought about by the pandemic has impacted fado practice itself. © Equinox Publishing Ltd 2022, Office 415, The Workstation, 15 Paternoster Row, Sheffield S1 2BX

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the behavior change of cyclists in Lisbon, using multinomial logit regression analysis.

The 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak hit most countries and cities globally, dramatically impacting how people live during lockdown periods. Compulsorily, socioeconomic activities and mobility patterns changed while long-lasting structural changes might remain. Focusing on this very particular liminal event, this paper aims to present and analyze the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus lockdown on the behavior change of cyclists and previously non-cyclists in Lisbon, Portugal, knowing that no concomitant interventions occurred in the cycling environment during the period analyzed (e.g., pop-up interventions). From a 1-min questionnaire in 5 locations in Lisbon's existing cycling lanes, we aimed to collect (n = 493) revealed preferences on cycling frequency before and after the lockdown, which we used to calibrate a weighted multinomial logit model to analyze respondents' probability of increasing, maintaining, or decreasing their cycling frequency. Results suggest that people tended to cycle more often after the lockdown than before. For every five cyclists, two cycled more frequently while two others maintained their cycling frequency. Most cycling trips were recreational or to exercise, and these increased after the lockdown, while trips for work and school decreased, as expected. Moreover, the lower the individuals' cycling frequency levels before the lockdown, the more they cycled after it. Our study diagnoses the impact of the lockdown on cycling habits, indicating an overall propensity to cycling more by the Lisbon citizens. Hence, authorities need to act and make quick infrastructural changes (e.g., pop-up cycling lanes) and encourage the population to use more bikes (e.g., financial incentives for bike purchases).

Tourism and Authenticity: Analyzing Retail Change in Lisbon City Center

Retail is one of the defining elements of urban spaces. The study of commerce is largely based on its evolution and how it relates with urban environments. Currently, with the advent of mass tourism, there has been an adjustment in the commercial fabric of the area’s most sought after by tourists. Among these latter areas, the historical centers of commerce stand out. The first objective of this research is to analyze the modern evolution of the commercial fabric of Lisbon by comparing the city center with the rest of the city. For this goal, I use a quantitative approach through the quotient location for specific retail typologies. The results show dissimilarities that are associated with the geographical location of retail, which vary according to the different retail typologies being analyzed. The second goal is based on the assumption that the mere analysis of the evolution of the retail typologies is limited in the context of tourist cities. Considering this matter, a qualitative method (photo analysis, conceptually supported by the concept of authenticity) is used. The results show the usefulness of the concept of authenticity to apprehend and discuss how retail is reacting to the tourism industry, thereby contributing to the transformation of the city center into a leisure and entertainment destination.

Is the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating the platformisation of the urban economy?

This paper shows that, while the pandemic lockdown decelerated everyday life, it has also potentiated further acceleration of the platformisation of urban economic sectors. We show this through an empirical qualitative study of the restaurant sector in Lisbon, in which we found that: (i) the digitalisation of three management tasks during the COVID-19 lockdown - namely marketing, customer relationship management, and delivery tasks - was the trigger for the acceleration of the platformisation of the restaurant sector in Lisbon and (ii) restaurant firms had different departure points in terms of the use of digital technologies - which are linked to their location within the city - and these led to different rhythms in the platformisation of restaurants. We conclude that, as the lockdown measures led to a deceleration of social and economic activities, they also promoted further acceleration of economic change, especially under the logic of the platform economy. Additionally, we show that firms unable to engage with digital platforms have been trying to mimic online dynamics through the implementation of non-platformised digital processes, which leads us to consider that the effects of the process of platformisation extend beyond the platform itself.

Strategic Assessment of Neighbourhood Environmental Impacts on Mental Health in the Lisbon Region (Portugal): A Strategic Focus and Assessment Framework at the Local Level

Scientific evidence shows that each place/environment generates specific conditions with associated impacts on the mental health and well-being of the population. A holistic, multilevel and integrated environmental approach to mental health enhances the understanding of this phenomena, supporting the local decision-making processes to improve spatial planning of neighbourhood environments. The aim of this study is to develop a strategic assessment framework, based on four municipalities in the Lisbon Region (Portugal), that explores policy and planning initiatives capable of generating favourable neighbourhood environmental conditions for mental health while also detecting risks. Using baseline results of significant statistical associations between individuals’ perceptions of their neighbourhood environment and their mental health in the Lisbon Region, a Strategic Focus on Environmental and Mental Health Assessment framework (SEmHA) was built, by applying the methodology “Strategic Thinking for Sustainability” in Strategic Environmental Assessment, developed by Partidário in 2012. Taking into account the promotion of the population’s mental health, four critical decision factors of neighbourhood environments were identified: (1) public space quality (e.g., improving sense of place), (2) physical environment quality (e.g., low levels of noise exposure), (3) professional qualification and creation of economic activities (e.g., attracting new economic activities), and (4) services and facilities (e.g., improving access to health and education services). The proposed strategic focus and assessment framework contributes to ensuring that interventions in neighbourhood environments truly achieve community mental health benefits and reduce inequalities, thus helping policy makers to assess impacts at the local level.

How Can We Quarantine Without a Home? Responses of Activism and Urban Social Movements in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis in Lisbon.

In Lisbon, during the COVID-19 pandemic period, new spaces for contestation and the action of urban social movements intensified, capitalising on the visibility for the right to housing, as a basic human right and an unconditional public health imperative, to fulfil the duties of lockdown and social isolation, imposed by the State of Exception. Its narrative and strategies reinforces the counter-hegemonic movement that denounces the logics of commodification and financialisation in the housing sector, placing hope in a post-capitalist transition in the post-COVID horizon. We conclude that the actors in this urban struggle have limited power over the changes they initiate, or make an effort to inflict, if they are not involved in a concerted and politically integrated action, not least because the achievements they obtain are temporary and exceptional, like the state of emergency imposed by COVID-19.